"...for three smelter studies: El Paso, Texas Lead Study [19], Helena Valley Lead Study [20],
and Silver Valley-Revisited Lead Study [17]. In the Midvale Community Lead Study [22] ....
The isopleths [i.e. graphs], which show increasing soil-lead concentrations in the vicinity of the smelters,
“support the conclusion that the smelters are the primary sources of lead contamination in the
area.” In addition, the Heavy Metal Exposure Study [60] found that “there was a general trend
toward increasing levels of environmental metal burdens with proximity to the smelter.” The
evidence for the emitter being the contributing source of the lead, therefore, stems from
increasing soil-lead concentrations with decreasing distance from the emitter."
February 1998
EPA 747-R-98-001a
FINAL REPORT
SOURCES OF LEAD IN SOIL:
A LITERATURE REVIEW
Prepared by
Battelle Memorial Institute
Technical Programs Branch
Chemical Management Division
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Friday, June 5, 2009
"In 1999, Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, D. C. published a report on .... uranium and radioactive chemicals in the “Copper Belt” of Southern Arizona."
Excerpt:
"Levels in excess of the federal MCLs and state guidelines were found in groundwater and surface water samples, as well as soil and sediment samples at abandoned and active copper mines. TENORM exceedences were also found in groundwater at active and inactive copper mines. Uranium byproducts were recovered from heap leach dumps and in-situ operations that feed SX-EW and ion exchange circuits at several copper mines. Radioactivity was discovered in copper mineral processing waste streams. Elevated levels of radioactivity were also found to occur in the process solutions and process wastes."
For entire report, see: www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/tenorm/402-r-99-002.pdf "
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